REVISTA ARGENTINA DE ENDOCRINOLOGÍA Y METABOLISMO
FILOMARINO MA1, TOLOSA GI1, DELLA FONTANA FD*2
Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con el objetivo de evaluar el estado nutricional y el riesgo cardiovascular en mujeres adultas con hipotiroidismo. Muestra no probabilística por conveniencia de 100 mujeres con hipotiroidismo mayores de 40 años que asistieron al Hospital Dr. Arturo Oñativia durante 2023. Se aplicó un cuestionario semiestructurado, medidas antropométricas (peso, talla, circunferencias de cintura y cadera), datos bioquímicos (TSH, T4L, T4T, ATPO, colesterol total, LDL, HDL, TG) y presión arterial. El riesgo cardiovascular global (RCVG) se estimó por el método de OMS/ISH. Se aplicó chi cuadrado y correlación lineal de Spearman (α=0,05). Predominaron edades entre 50 y 59 años. El 48% tenía eutiroidismo, el 36% hipotiroidismo clínico y 6% hipotiroidismo subclínico. El 52% presentó antecedentes familiares de hipotiroidismo y el 77% de patologías CV, predominando la HTA y la diabetes tipo 2. El 79% presentó exceso de peso (34% sobrepeso y 45% obesidad). Un 20% tenía HTA, 16% diabetes tipo 2, 65% colesterol total elevado, 48% LDL elevado, 49% hipertrigliceridemia, 19% HDL bajo. El 52% no realizaba actividad física y el 82% no fumaba. Predominó el riesgo cardiovascular global bajo (90%). Hubo relación significativa entre IMC y el grupo etario (p<0,05), pero sin significancia con el perfil tiroideo, valores de TSH y actividad física (p>0,05). El RCVG se relacionó significativamente con IMC, grupo etario, diabetes, presión arterial sistólica y colesterol total (p<0,05), no así con índice cintura/cadera, perfil tiroideo y actividad física (p>0,05). Los niveles de TSH no correlacionaron significativamente con colesterol total, HDL, LDL, TG, circunferencia de cintura e IMC (p>0,05). Se constató un elevado porcentaje de malnutrición por exceso, circunferencia de cintura, índice de cintura/cadera e índice de cintura/talla superior a lo normal, distribución grasa de tipo androide y perfil lipídico alterado, contribuyendo al aumento del RCV.
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess nutritional status and cardiovascular risk in adult women with hypothyroidism. A non-probability convenience sample of 100 women with hypothyroidism over the age of 40 who attended Dr. Arturo Oñativia Hospital during 2023 was used. A semi-structured questionnaire, anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist and hip circumference), biochemical data (TSH, T4L, T4T, ATPO, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, TG), and blood pressure were applied. Cardiovascular risk (CVR) was estimated using the WHO/ISH method. Chi-square and Spearman’s linear correlation (α=0.05) were applied. The predominant age group was 50-59 years. 48% percent were euthyroid, 36% had clinical hypothyroidism, and 6% had subclinical hypothyroidism. 52% percent had a family history of hypothyroidism and 77% had CV diseases, predominantly HBP and type 2 diabetes. 79% percent were overweight (34% overweight and 45% obese). 20% had hypertension, 16% had type 2 diabetes, 65% had high total cholesterol, 48% had high LDL, 49% had hypertriglyceridemia, and 19% had low HDL. Fifty-two percent did not engage in physical activity, and 82% did not smoke. Low overall cardiovascular risk predominated (90%). There was a significant relationship between BMI and age group (p<0.05), but no significant relationship with thyroid profile, TSH values, or physical activity (p>0.05). The CVR was significantly related to BMI, age group, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol (p<0.05), but not to waist-to-hip ratio, thyroid profile, and physical activity (p>0.05). TSH levels did not correlate significantly with total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, TG, waist circumference, and BMI (p>0.05). A high percentage of malnutrition due to excess weight, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio above normal, android fat distribution, and altered lipid profile were found, contributing to increased CVR.